Female recruits, leftover US arms pose new threat to counterterror efforts in Balochistan

Wearing military fatigues with rifles slung over their shoulders, Yasma Baloch and her husband Waseem smile into the camera for a picture released by Pakistani insurgents after their final mission: detonating suicide bombs.

The Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) shared the heavily-edited photograph sent to journalists and distributed it on social media.

It was among half-a-dozen pictures and biographies that Reuters was unable to immediately verify, but which analysts see as part of a propaganda effort by terrorists in the resource-rich southwestern province to showcase their movement’s appeal.

Terrorist attacks Balochistan hit a record last year, fanning risks to huge investments planned in the region, including Chinese and US interests.

Wider recruitment

The growing number of women helps to boost recruitment, said State Minister for Interior Talal Chaudhry. “It gives them popularity and reach, and it impresses on their community that the fight has entered their homes,” Chaudhry told Reuters. Pakistan has taken up the issue of terrorist recruitment online with numerous social media platforms, he added.

Three suicide bombers were among six women who participated in the group’s largest wave of attacks in January that killed 58 and nearly brought the province to a standstill, said Hamza Shafaat, a top government official.

Before those attacks, records show a total of five women BLA suicide bombers, including the first such attack in 2022, while three more would-be bombers were captured in counter-terrorism operations in the last few months.

“The … insurgency’s broader appeal … has now gone beyond male-dominated tribal and feudal chiefs to include a wider cross-section of society,” said Pearl Pandya, a senior South Asia analyst at conflict monitor ACLED.

Read: 37 terrorists killed, 10 security personnel martyred as attacks foiled across Balochistan

Weapons

The participation of women amplifies a movement that Pakistan’s military says has boosted its firepower with access to a massive cache of US weapons left behind in Afghanistan after Washington pulled out of the neighbouring country in 2021.

Abdul Basit, a researcher in insurgencies and militancy at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore cited the group’s use of drones to identify troop deployments and vulnerabilities, adding that it used satellite communication during a February 2025 hijack of a train with more than 400 aboard.

Pakistan recovered 272 US-made rifles and 33 night vision devices by June last year, the military says, apart from the weapons seized in the most recent Balochistan attacks.

The armed forces “keep on seeing these weapons in the hands of the terrorists operating inside Pakistan,” the military spokesperson, Lt Gen Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry, told Reuters before January’s attacks.

The Pentagon did not respond to a request for comment.

In reply to a request for comment, White House spokeswoman Anna Kelly said, “As President Trump has said, Joe Biden’s botched Afghanistan withdrawal was the most embarrassing day in our country’s history, which tragically resulted in the deaths of 13 US service members and lost equipment to the Taliban.”

Read more: The spectre of terror in Balochistan

She added, “We do not discuss private conversations with foreign governments.”

During more than a dozen coordinated attacks in January, the terrorists stormed hospitals, government buildings, and markets, set off bombs and fired into crowds, killing 58 civilians and security officials.

Dangerous evolution in tactics

Afterwards, from the 216 terrorists security forces said were killed in nearly a week of fighting, they seized items ranging from grenade launchers to more than a dozen M16 and M4 rifles.

Reuters was unable to verify whether the sophisticated weapons used in the BLA attacks were made in the United States or came from elsewhere.

Among the $7billion worth of equipment left in Afghanistan, the US defence department has said, Afghan forces had received more than 300,000 of a total of 427,300 weapons. That was in addition to more than 42,000 items such as night vision goggles and surveillance devices, it said.

And the terrorists hope propaganda about women recruits will boost their impact.

Also read: Security forces conclude operations after terrorist attacks in Balochistan

“They are using women strategically in high-profile attacks for visibility,” Basit added.

The women hail from various socio-economic backgrounds, with some having university education, Pakistan’s counter terrorism department said in a December report seen by Reuters.

“The shift represents a dangerous evolution in terrorist tactics,” it said, about women’s growing participation.

The change was driven by psychological manipulation, online radicalisation and strategic exploitation of vulnerable individuals, it added. “The insurgency’s foot soldiers and leaders both now come from the middle class,” said Pandya, the ACLED analyst.